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Спорт-вики — википедия научного бодибилдинга
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!Уровень достоверности!!Результат!!Величина эффекта!!Согласованность результатов исследований!!Заметки
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| +++||Аммиак||↓↓ значительный||Очень высокая<ref name="Broad2" >Broad EM, Maughan RJ, Galloway SD. Carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism during exercise after oral carnitine supplementation in humans. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2008 Dec;18(6):567-84.</ref><ref name="Malaguarnera1">Malaguarnera M, Vacante M, Motta M, Giordano M, Malaguarnera G, Bella R, Nunnari G, Rampello L, Pennisi G. Acetyl-L-carnitine improves cognitive functions in severe hepatic encephalopathy: a randomized and controlled clinical trial. Metab Brain Dis. 2011 Dec;26(4):281-9. doi: 10.1007/s11011-011-9260-z. Epub 2011 Aug 26.</ref><ref name="Malaguarnera2">Malaguarnera M, Vacante M, Giordano M, Pennisi G, Bella R, Rampello L, Malaguarnera M, Li Volti G, Galvano F. Oral acetyl-L-carnitine therapy reduces fatigue in overt hepatic encephalopathy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011 Apr;93(4):799-808. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.110.007393. Epub 2011 Feb 10.</ref><ref name="Malaguarnera3">Malaguarnera M, Gargante MP, Cristaldi E, Vacante M, Risino C, Cammalleri L, Pennisi G, Rampello L. Acetyl-L-carnitine treatment in minimal hepatic encephalopathy. Dig Dis Sci. 2008 Nov;53(11):3018-25. doi: 10.1007/s10620-008-0238-6. Epub 2008 Mar 21.</ref>||Было отмечено снижение количества аммиака у лиц с печеночной энцефалопатии и без значительного повреждения печени
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| +++||Качество спермы||↑↑ значительный||Высокая<ref>Balercia G, Regoli F, Armeni T, Koverech A, Mantero F, Boscaro M. Placebo-controlled double-blind randomized trial on the use of L-carnitine, L-acetylcarnitine, or combined L-carnitine and L-acetylcarnitine in men with idiopathic asthenozoospermia. Fertil Steril. 2005 Sep;84(3):662-71.</ref><ref>Sigman M, Glass S, Campagnone J, Pryor JL. Carnitine for the treatment of idiopathic asthenospermia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Fertil Steril. 2006 May;85(5):1409-14. Epub 2006 Apr 5.</ref><ref>Lenzi A, Sgrò P, Salacone P, Paoli D, Gilio B, Lombardo F, Santulli M, Agarwal A, Gandini L. A placebo-controlled double-blind randomized trial of the use of combined l-carnitine and l-acetyl-carnitine treatment in men with asthenozoospermia. Fertil Steril. 2004 Jun;81(6):1578-84.</ref><ref>Lenzi A, Lombardo F, Sgrò P, Salacone P, Caponecchia L, Dondero F, Gandini L. Use of carnitine therapy in selected cases of male factor infertility: a double-blind crossover trial. Fertil Steril. 2003 Feb;79(2):292-300.</ref><ref>Moradi M, Moradi A, Alemi M, Ahmadnia H, Abdi H, Ahmadi A, Bazargan-Hejazi S. Safety and efficacy of clomiphene citrate and L-carnitine in idiopathic male infertility: a comparative study. Urol J. 2010 Summer;7(3):188-93.</ref>||Прием 3 г карнитина повышает качество спермы; есть смешанные эффекты на подвижность сперматозоидов
| +++||Симптомы перемежающейся хромоты||↓↓ значительный||Очень высокая<ref>Brevetti G, Perna S, Sabba C, Martone VD, Di Iorio A, Barletta G. Effect of propionyl-L-carnitine on quality of life in intermittent claudication. Am J Cardiol. 1997 Mar 15;79(6):777-80.</ref><ref>Hiatt WR, Regensteiner JG, Creager MA, Hirsch AT, Cooke JP, Olin JW, Gorbunov GN, Isner J, Lukjanov YV, Tsitsiashvili MS, Zabelskaya TF, Amato A. Propionyl-L-carnitine improves exercise performance and functional status in patients with claudication. Am J Med. 2001 Jun 1;110(8):616-22.</ref><ref>Brevetti G, Diehm C, Lambert D. European multicenter study on propionyl-L-carnitine in intermittent claudication. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999 Nov 1;34(5):1618-24.</ref>||Симптомы перемежающейся хромоты заметно уменьшаются при приеме 2 г пропионил-L-карнитина
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| +++||Уровень глюкозы в крови||↓ незначительный||Очень высокая<ref name="Broad" >Broad EM, Maughan RJ, Galloway S DR. Effects of exercise intensity and altered substrate availability on cardiovascular and metabolic responses to exercise after oral carnitine supplementation in athletes. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2011 Oct;21(5):385-97. Epub 2011 Aug 3.</ref><ref>Galloway SD, Craig TP, Cleland SJ. Effects of oral L-carnitine supplementation on insulin sensitivity indices in response to glucose feeding in lean and overweight/obese males. Amino Acids. 2011 Jul;41(2):507-15. doi: 10.1007/s00726-010-0770-5. Epub 2010 Oct 21.</ref><ref name="Ruggenenti">Ruggenenti P, Cattaneo D, Loriga G, Ledda F, Motterlini N, Gherardi G, Orisio S, Remuzzi G. Ameliorating hypertension and insulin resistance in subjects at increased cardiovascular risk: effects of acetyl-L-carnitine therapy. Hypertension. 2009 Sep;54(3):567-74. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.132522. Epub 2009 Jul 20.</ref>||Было отмечено снижение уровня глюкозы в крови
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| +++||Упражнения, вызывающие окисление||↓ незначительный||Очень высокая<ref name="Volek">Volek JS, Kraemer WJ, Rubin MR, Gómez AL, Ratamess NA, Gaynor P. L-Carnitine L-tartrate supplementation favorably affects markers of recovery from exercise stress. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Feb;282(2):E474-82.</ref><ref name="Spiering">Spiering BA, Kraemer WJ, Hatfield DL, Vingren JL, Fragala MS, Ho JY, Thomas GA, Häkkinen K, Volek JS. Effects of L-carnitine L-tartrate supplementation on muscle oxygenation responses to resistance exercise. J Strength Cond Res. 2008 Jul;22(4):1130-5. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31817d48d9.</ref><ref name="Bloomer">Bloomer RJ, Smith WA. Oxidative stress in response to aerobic and anaerobic power testing: influence of exercise training and carnitine supplementation. Res Sports Med. 2009 Jan-Mar;17(1):1-16. doi: 10.1080/15438620802678289.</ref><ref name="Ho">Ho JY, Kraemer WJ, Volek JS, Fragala MS, Thomas GA, Dunn-Lewis C, Coday M, Häkkinen K, Maresh CM. l-Carnitine l-tartrate supplementation favorably affects biochemical markers of recovery from physical exertion in middle-aged men and women. Metabolism. 2010 Aug;59(8):1190-9. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.11.012. Epub 2009 Dec 31.</ref><ref name="Fatouros">Fatouros IG, Douroudos I, Panagoutsos S, Pasadakis P, Nikolaidis MG, Chatzinikolaou A, Sovatzidis A, Michailidis Y, Jamurtas AZ, Mandalidis D, Taxildaris K, Vargemezis V. Effects of L-carnitine on oxidative stress responses in patients with renal disease. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010 Oct;42(10):1809-18. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181dbacab.</ref>||Уменьшение окисления, возможно вторично по отношению к уменьшению степени повреждения мышечной ткани. Степень снижения MDA не слишком значительна
*[[L-карнитин для похудения]]
*[[L-карнитин отзывы]]
*[[L-карнитин и тренировки]]
*[[Карнитин (медицинское применение)]]
*[[Применение L-карнитина в спорте]]
==Источники==
