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→Введение
== Введение ==
Переводится
Метилсульфонилметан (MCM) является природным питательным веществом и состоит из серы, кислорода и метиловых групп [1]. В присутствии озона и высокоэнергетического ультрафиолетового света МСМ (наряду с диметилсульфоксидом [ДМСО]) формируется из диметилсульфида, который, поднявшись в атмосферу и возвратившись на землю в виде дождя, попадает в корневые системы растений. Как таковой МСМ содержится в небольших количествах в ряде продуктов питания [2], таких так молоко, фрукты и овощи (например, помидоры, кукуруза), кофе и чай. В то время как сере в общем [3] и MCM в частности приписывают ряд полезных для здоровья свойств, от улучшения физического здоровья [4] до потенциального снижения риска заболевания определенными видами рака [5], выясняется, что механизм воздействия МСМ на организм человека связан с его противовоспалительным и антиоксидантным действиями [7].
MSM may inhibit the translocation of the p65 subunit of nuclear factor (NF)-kß to the nucleus [6], thus minimizing downstream events associated with local and systemic inflammation. Indeed, supplementation with MSM may minimize the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines [8]. MSM has been reported to increase antioxidant defense (glutathione) [9], as well as decrease the actual production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [7]. As with pro-inflammatory biomarkers, supplementation with MSM has resulted in a lowering of multiple oxidative stress biomarkers [10,11].
Collectively, these findings suggest that MSM might favorably influence exercise recovery, as both inflammation and oxidative stress may be involved in the etiology of exercise-induced muscle damage and associated symptoms [12]. Considering this and the excellent safety profile of MSM, we used a pilot (proof of concept) study design to determine the influence of MSM on markers of exercise recovery and performance in healthy men. At the time of study conception, we were unaware of any published trials focused on the use of MSM as a potential exercise recovery agent. We hypothesized that MSM would favorably influence our outcome measures (e.g., reduce muscle soreness, reduce muscle fatigue, increase antioxidant capacity), providing justification for further study of this ingredient using a larger scale, placebo controlled study design.
== Исследование ==
Название работы: '''Influence of methylsulfonylmethane on markers of exercise recovery and performance in healthy men: a pilot study'''
Using a pilot (proof of concept) study design, we determined the influence of MSM on markers of exercise recovery and performance in healthy men.
'''Methods'''
Eight, healthy men (27.1 ± 6.9 yrs old) who were considered to be moderately exercise-trained (exercising <150 minutes per week) were randomly assigned to ingest MSM at either 1.5 grams per day or 3.0 grams per day for 30 days (28 days before and 2 days following exercise). Before and after the 28 day intervention period, subjects performed 18 sets of knee extension exercise in an attempt to induce muscle damage (and to be used partly as a measure of exercise performance). Sets 1–15 were performed at a predetermined weight for 10 repetitions each, while sets 16–18 were performed to muscular failure. Muscle soreness (using a 5-point Likert scale), fatigue (using the fatigue-inertia subset of the Profile of Mood States), blood antioxidant status (glutathione and Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity [TEAC]), and blood homocysteine were measured before and after exercise, pre and post intervention. Exercise performance (total work performed during sets 16–18 of knee extension testing) was also measured pre and post intervention.
'''Results'''
Muscle soreness increased following exercise and a trend was noted for a reduction in muscle soreness with 3.0 grams versus 1.5 grams of MSM (p = 0.080), with a 1.0 point difference between dosages. Fatigue was slightly reduced with MSM (p = 0.073 with 3.0 grams; p = 0.087 for both dosages combined). TEAC increased significantly following exercise with 3.0 grams of MSM (p = 0.035), while homocysteine decreased following exercise for both dosages combined (p = 0.007). No significant effects were noted for glutathione or total work performed during knee extension testing (p > 0.05).
'''Conclusion'''
MSM, especially when provided at 3.0 grams per day, may favorably influence selected markers of exercise recovery. More work is needed to extend these findings, in particular using a larger sample of subjects and the inclusion of additional markers of exercise recovery and performance.
Переводится
Метилсульфонилметан (MCM) является природным питательным веществом и состоит из серы, кислорода и метиловых групп [1]. В присутствии озона и высокоэнергетического ультрафиолетового света МСМ (наряду с диметилсульфоксидом [ДМСО]) формируется из диметилсульфида, который, поднявшись в атмосферу и возвратившись на землю в виде дождя, попадает в корневые системы растений. Как таковой МСМ содержится в небольших количествах в ряде продуктов питания [2], таких так молоко, фрукты и овощи (например, помидоры, кукуруза), кофе и чай. В то время как сере в общем [3] и MCM в частности приписывают ряд полезных для здоровья свойств, от улучшения физического здоровья [4] до потенциального снижения риска заболевания определенными видами рака [5], выясняется, что механизм воздействия МСМ на организм человека связан с его противовоспалительным и антиоксидантным действиями [7].
MSM may inhibit the translocation of the p65 subunit of nuclear factor (NF)-kß to the nucleus [6], thus minimizing downstream events associated with local and systemic inflammation. Indeed, supplementation with MSM may minimize the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines [8]. MSM has been reported to increase antioxidant defense (glutathione) [9], as well as decrease the actual production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [7]. As with pro-inflammatory biomarkers, supplementation with MSM has resulted in a lowering of multiple oxidative stress biomarkers [10,11].
Collectively, these findings suggest that MSM might favorably influence exercise recovery, as both inflammation and oxidative stress may be involved in the etiology of exercise-induced muscle damage and associated symptoms [12]. Considering this and the excellent safety profile of MSM, we used a pilot (proof of concept) study design to determine the influence of MSM on markers of exercise recovery and performance in healthy men. At the time of study conception, we were unaware of any published trials focused on the use of MSM as a potential exercise recovery agent. We hypothesized that MSM would favorably influence our outcome measures (e.g., reduce muscle soreness, reduce muscle fatigue, increase antioxidant capacity), providing justification for further study of this ingredient using a larger scale, placebo controlled study design.
== Исследование ==
Название работы: '''Influence of methylsulfonylmethane on markers of exercise recovery and performance in healthy men: a pilot study'''
Using a pilot (proof of concept) study design, we determined the influence of MSM on markers of exercise recovery and performance in healthy men.
'''Methods'''
Eight, healthy men (27.1 ± 6.9 yrs old) who were considered to be moderately exercise-trained (exercising <150 minutes per week) were randomly assigned to ingest MSM at either 1.5 grams per day or 3.0 grams per day for 30 days (28 days before and 2 days following exercise). Before and after the 28 day intervention period, subjects performed 18 sets of knee extension exercise in an attempt to induce muscle damage (and to be used partly as a measure of exercise performance). Sets 1–15 were performed at a predetermined weight for 10 repetitions each, while sets 16–18 were performed to muscular failure. Muscle soreness (using a 5-point Likert scale), fatigue (using the fatigue-inertia subset of the Profile of Mood States), blood antioxidant status (glutathione and Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity [TEAC]), and blood homocysteine were measured before and after exercise, pre and post intervention. Exercise performance (total work performed during sets 16–18 of knee extension testing) was also measured pre and post intervention.
'''Results'''
Muscle soreness increased following exercise and a trend was noted for a reduction in muscle soreness with 3.0 grams versus 1.5 grams of MSM (p = 0.080), with a 1.0 point difference between dosages. Fatigue was slightly reduced with MSM (p = 0.073 with 3.0 grams; p = 0.087 for both dosages combined). TEAC increased significantly following exercise with 3.0 grams of MSM (p = 0.035), while homocysteine decreased following exercise for both dosages combined (p = 0.007). No significant effects were noted for glutathione or total work performed during knee extension testing (p > 0.05).
'''Conclusion'''
MSM, especially when provided at 3.0 grams per day, may favorably influence selected markers of exercise recovery. More work is needed to extend these findings, in particular using a larger sample of subjects and the inclusion of additional markers of exercise recovery and performance.
