| ++++ || Креатинин || ↑↑ значительный || Умеренная<ref name="Shefner">Shefner JM, Cudkowicz ME, Schoenfeld D, Conrad T, Taft J, Chilton M, Urbinelli L, Qureshi M, Zhang H, Pestronk A, Caress J, Donofrio P, Sorenson E, Bradley W, Lomen-Hoerth C, Pioro E, Rezania K, Ross M, Pascuzzi R, Heiman-Patterson T, Tandan R, Mitsumoto H, Rothstein J, Smith-Palmer T, MacDonald D, Burke D; NEALS Consortium. A clinical trial of creatine in ALS. Neurology. 2004 Nov 9;63(9):1656-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15534251</ref><ref name="Mendes">Mendes RR, Pires I, Oliveira A, Tirapegui J. Effects of creatine supplementation on the performance and body composition of competitive swimmers. J Nutr Biochem. 2004 Aug;15(8):473-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15302082</ref><ref name="Volek">Volek JS, Mazzetti SA, Farquhar WB, Barnes BR, Gómez AL, Kraemer WJ. Physiological responses to short-term exercise in the heat after creatine loading. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001 Jul;33(7):1101-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11445756</ref><ref name="Manjarrez">Manjarrez-Montes de Oca R, Farfán-González F, Camarillo-Romero S, Tlatempa-Sotelo P, Francisco-Argüelles C, Kormanowski A, González-Gallego J, Alvear-Ordenes I. Effects of creatine supplementation in taekwondo practitioners. Nutr Hosp. 2013 Mar-Apr;28(2):391-9. doi: 10.3305/nh.2013.28.2.6314. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23822690</ref><ref name="Tarnopolsky" /><ref name="Earnest">Earnest CP, Almada AL, Mitchell TL. High-performance capillary electrophoresis-pure creatine monohydrate reduces blood lipids in men and women. Clin Sci (Lond). 1996 Jul;91(1):113-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8774269</ref><ref>Tarnopolsky MA, Mahoney DJ, Vajsar J, Rodriguez C, Doherty TJ, Roy BD, Biggar D. Creatine monohydrate enhances strength and body composition in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Neurology. 2004 May 25;62(10):1771-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15159476</ref><ref>Dabidi Roshan V, Babaei H, Hosseinzadeh M, Arendt-Nielsen L. The effect of creatine supplementation on muscle fatigue and physiological indices following intermittent swimming bouts. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2013 Jun;53(3):232-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23715246</ref><ref>Mayhew DL, Mayhew JL, Ware JS. Effects of long-term creatine supplementation on liver and kidney functions in American college football players. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2002 Dec;12(4):453-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12500988</ref><ref>Kornblum C, Schröder R, Müller K, Vorgerd M, Eggers J, Bogdanow M, Papassotiropoulos A, Fabian K, Klockgether T, Zange J. Creatine has no beneficial effect on skeletal muscle energy metabolism in patients with single mitochondrial DNA deletions: a placebo-controlled, double-blind 31P-MRS crossover study. Eur J Neurol. 2005 Apr;12(4):300-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15804248</ref><refname="Schilling">Schilling BK, Stone MH, Utter A, Kearney JT, Johnson M, Coglianese R, Smith L, O'Bryant HS, Fry AC, Starks M, Keith R, Stone ME. Creatine supplementation and health variables: a retrospective study. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001 Feb;33(2):183-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11224803</ref><ref name="Deminice">Deminice R, Rosa FT, Franco GS, Jordao AA, de Freitas EC. Effects of creatine supplementation on oxidative stress and inflammatory markers after repeated-sprint exercise in humans. Nutrition. 2013 Sep;29(9):1127-32. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.03.003. Epub 2013 Jun 22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23800565</ref> || Креатин обычно повышает уровень креатинина в сыворотке крови во время фазы нагрузки. Это не является признаком повреждения почек.

| +++ || Усталость || ↓↓ значительный || Высокая<ref name="Deminice" /><refname="McMorris">McMorris T, Harris RC, Swain J, Corbett J, Collard K, Dyson RJ, Dye L, Hodgson C, Draper N. Effect of creatine supplementation and sleep deprivation, with mild exercise, on cognitive and psychomotor performance, mood state, and plasma concentrations of catecholamines and cortisol. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2006 Mar;185(1):93-103. Epub 2006 Jan 17. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16416332</ref><ref>Anomasiri W, Sanguanrungsirikul S, Saichandee P. Low dose creatine supplementation enhances sprint phase of 400 meters swimming performance. J Med Assoc Thai. 2004 Sep;87 Suppl 2:S228-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16083193</ref><ref>Sakellaris G, Nasis G, Kotsiou M, Tamiolaki M, Charissis G, Evangeliou A. Prevention of traumatic headache, dizziness and fatigue with creatine administration. A pilot study. Acta Paediatr. 2008 Jan;97(1):31-4. Epub 2007 Dec 3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18053002</ref><refname="Schneider">Schneider-Gold C, Beck M, Wessig C, George A, Kele H, Reiners K, Toyka KV. Creatine monohydrate in DM2/PROMM: a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical study. Proximal myotonic myopathy. Neurology. 2003 Feb 11;60(3):500-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12578937</ref><refname="Rosenfeld">Rosenfeld J, King RM, Jackson CE, Bedlack RS, Barohn RJ, Dick A, Phillips LH, Chapin J, Gelinas DF, Lou JS. Creatine monohydrate in ALS: effects on strength, fatigue, respiratory status and ALSFRS. Amyotroph Lateral Scler. 2008 Oct;9(5):266-72. doi: 10.1080/17482960802028890. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18608103</ref><ref>Watanabe A, Kato N, Kato T. Effects of creatine on mental fatigue and cerebral hemoglobin oxygenation. Neurosci Res. 2002 Apr;42(4):279-85. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11985880</ref> || У детей и подростков с травматическим повреждением головного мозга, принимавших по 400 мг/кг/сут креатина, отмечено снижение усталости от 90% до 10%.

| +++ || Сопротивление усталости || ↑ незначительный || Умеренная<ref name="Manjarrez" /><ref>Rawson ES, Stec MJ, Frederickson SJ, Miles MP. Low-dose creatine supplementation enhances fatigue resistance in the absence of weight gain. Nutrition. 2011 Apr;27(4):451-5. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2010.04.001. Epub 2010 Jul 1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20591625</ref><ref>Hadjicharalambous M, Kilduff LP, Pitsiladis YP. Brain serotonin and dopamine modulators, perceptual responses and endurance performance during exercise in the heat following creatine supplementation. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2008 Sep 30;5:14. doi: 10.1186/1550-2783-5-14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18826587</ref><ref>Walter AA, Smith AE, Herda TJ, Ryan ED, Moon JR, Cramer JT, Stout JR. Effects of creatine loading on electromyographic fatigue threshold in cycle ergometry in college-age men. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2008 Apr;18(2):142-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18458358</ref><ref>Smith AE, Walter AA, Herda TJ, Ryan ED, Moon JR, Cramer JT, Stout JR. Effects of creatine loading on electromyographic fatigue threshold during cycle ergometry in college-aged women. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2007 Nov 26;4:20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18039377</ref><ref>Stout JR, Sue Graves B, Cramer JT, Goldstein ER, Costa PB, Smith AE, Walter AA. Effects of creatine supplementation on the onset of neuromuscular fatigue threshold and muscle strength in elderly men and women (64 - 86 years). J Nutr Health Aging. 2007 Nov-Dec;11(6):459-64. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17985060</ref><ref>Stout JR, Cramer JT, Mielke M, O'Kroy J, Torok DJ, Zoeller RF. Effects of twenty-eight days of beta-alanine and creatine monohydrate supplementation on the physical working capacity at neuromuscular fatigue threshold. J Strength Cond Res. 2006 Nov;20(4):928-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17194255</ref><refname="Smith">Smith AE, Fukuda DH, Ryan ED, Kendall KL, Cramer JT, Stout J. Ergolytic/ergogenic effects of creatine on aerobic power. Int J Sports Med. 2011 Dec;32(12):975-81. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1283179. Epub 2011 Nov 30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22131203</ref> || Малая степень снижения усталости во время физических упражнений, но результат ненадежен.

| +++ || Перекисное окисление липидов || ↓ незначительный || Низкая<ref name="Deminice" /><ref>Rahimi R. Creatine supplementation decreases oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation induced by a single bout of resistance exercise. J Strength Cond Res. 2011 Dec;25(12):3448-55. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182162f2b. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22080314</ref><refname="Kingsley">Kingsley M, Cunningham D, Mason L, Kilduff LP, McEneny J. Role of creatine supplementation on exercise-induced cardiovascular function and oxidative stress. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2009 Sep-Oct;2(4):247-54. doi: 10.4161/oxim.2.4.9415. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20716911</ref> || Наблюдалось незначительное снижение.

| +++ || Субъективное самочувствие || ↑ незначительный || Умеренная <ref name="Rosenfeld" /><ref name="McMorris" /><ref>Neves M Jr, Gualano B, Roschel H, Fuller R, Benatti FB, Pinto AL, Lima FR, Pereira RM, Lancha AH Jr, Bonfá E. Beneficial effect of creatine supplementation in knee osteoarthritis. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011 Aug;43(8):1538-43. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182118592. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21311365</ref><ref name="Deacon">Deacon SJ, Vincent EE, Greenhaff PL, Fox J, Steiner MC, Singh SJ, Morgan MD. Randomized controlled trial of dietary creatine as an adjunct therapy to physical training in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008 Aug 1;178(3):233-9. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200710-1508OC. Epub 2008 Apr 17. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18420964</ref><ref name="McMorris2">McMorris T, Harris RC, Howard AN, Langridge G, Hall B, Corbett J, Dicks M, Hodgson C. Creatine supplementation, sleep deprivation, cortisol, melatonin and behavior. Physiol Behav. 2007 Jan 30;90(1):21-8. Epub 2006 Oct 13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17046034</ref><ref>Bender A, Koch W, Elstner M, Schombacher Y, Bender J, Moeschl M, Gekeler F, Müller-Myhsok B, Gasser T, Tatsch K, Klopstock T. Creatine supplementation in Parkinson disease: a placebo-controlled randomized pilot trial. Neurology. 2006 Oct 10;67(7):1262-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17030762</ref><ref>Norman K, Stübler D, Baier P, Schütz T, Ocran K, Holm E, Lochs H, Pirlich M. Effects of creatine supplementation on nutritional status, muscle function and quality of life in patients with colorectal cancer--a double blind randomised controlled trial. Clin Nutr. 2006 Aug;25(4):596-605. Epub 2006 May 15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16701923</ref><ref name="Kuethe">Kuethe F, Krack A, Richartz BM, Figulla HR. Creatine supplementation improves muscle strength in patients with congestive heart failure. Pharmazie. 2006 Mar;61(3):218-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16599263</ref><ref name="Fuld">Fuld JP, Kilduff LP, Neder JA, Pitsiladis Y, Lean ME, Ward SA, Cotton MM. Creatine supplementation during pulmonary rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax. 2005 Jul;60(7):531-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15994258</ref><ref>Braegger CP, Schlattner U, Wallimann T, Utiger A, Frank F, Schaefer B, Heizmann CW, Sennhauser FH. Effects of creatine supplementation in cystic fibrosis: results of a pilot study. J Cyst Fibros. 2003 Dec;2(4):177-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15463870</ref> || Влияние креатина на благополучие и самочувствие, как правило, зависит от степени изнчального изначального состояния; но вероятнее всего не влияет.

| +++ || Тестостерон || ↑ незначительный || Высокая (6 исследований, подробнее: [[влияние креатина на тестостерон]]) || Степень повышения тестостерона не слишком заметна, хотя и присутствует

| +++ || Лечение миотоническая дистрофии || ↑ незначительный || Высокая <ref name="Tarnopolsky" /><ref name="Schneider" /><ref>Walter MC, Reilich P, Lochmüller H, Kohnen R, Schlotter B, Hautmann H, Dunkl E, Pongratz D, Müller-Felber W. Creatine monohydrate in myotonic dystrophy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study. J Neurol. 2002 Dec;249(12):1717-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12529796</ref> || Предварительные данные свидетельствуют о улучшении состояния при миотонической дистрофии II типа, при I типа состояние изменяется незначительно или же их нет.

| +++ || VO2 Max || ↑ незначительный || Низкая <ref name="Kingsley" /><ref>Graef JL, Smith AE, Kendall KL, Fukuda DH, Moon JR, Beck TW, Cramer JT, Stout JR. The effects of four weeks of creatine supplementation and high-intensity interval training on cardiorespiratory fitness: a randomized controlled trial. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2009 Nov 12;6:18. doi: 10.1186/1550-2783-6-18. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19909536</ref><ref>Zoeller RF, Stout JR, O'kroy JA, Torok DJ, Mielke M. Effects of 28 days of beta-alanine and creatine monohydrate supplementation on aerobic power, ventilatory and lactate thresholds, and time to exhaustion. Amino Acids. 2007 Sep;33(3):505-10. Epub 2006 Sep 5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16953366</ref> || Улучшения VO2 Max не вполне надежны и незначительны

| +++ || Аэробные упражнения || - || Очень высокая <ref name="Smith" /><ref>Reardon TF, Ruell PA, Fiatarone Singh MA, Thompson CH, Rooney KB. Creatine supplementation does not enhance submaximal aerobic training adaptations in healthy young men and women. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2006 Oct;98(3):234-41. Epub 2006 Aug 9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16896727</ref><ref>Netreba aI, Shenkman BS, Popov DV, Tarasova OS, Vdovina AB, Khotchenkov VP, Stekhanova TN, Vinogradova OL. Creatine as a metabolic controller of skeletal muscles structure and function in strength exercises in humans. Ross Fiziol Zh Im I M Sechenova. 2006 Jan;92(1):113-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16613062</ref><ref>Cañete S, San Juan AF, Pérez M, Gómez-Gallego F, López-Mojares LM, Earnest CP, Fleck SJ, Lucia A. Does creatine supplementation improve functional capacity in elderly women? J Strength Cond Res. 2006 Feb;20(1):22-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16503684</ref><ref>Peyrebrune MC, Stokes K, Hall GM, Nevill ME. Effect of creatine supplementation on training for competition in elite swimmers. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005 Dec;37(12):2140-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16331142</ref><ref>Murphy AJ, Watsford ML, Coutts AJ, Richards DA. Effects of creatine supplementation on aerobic power and cardiovascular structure and function. J Sci Med Sport. 2005 Sep;8(3):305-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16248471</ref><ref>Tarnopolsky MA, Roy BD, MacDonald JR. A randomized, controlled trial of creatine monohydrate in patients with mitochondrial cytopathies. Muscle Nerve. 1997 Dec;20(12):1502-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9390662</ref> || Не влияет

| +++ || Когнитивные функции || - || Высокая <ref>Benton D, Donohoe R. The influence of creatine supplementation on the cognitive functioning of vegetarians and omnivores. Br J Nutr. 2011 Apr;105(7):1100-5. doi: 10.1017/S0007114510004733. Epub 2010 Dec 1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21118604</ref><ref>Rawson ES, Lieberman HR, Walsh TM, Zuber SM, Harhart JM, Matthews TC. Creatine supplementation does not improve cognitive function in young adults. Physiol Behav. 2008 Sep 3;95(1-2):130-4. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.05.009. Epub 2008 May 15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18579168</ref><ref>McMorris T, Mielcarz G, Harris RC, Swain JP, Howard A. Creatine supplementation and cognitive performance in elderly individuals. Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn. 2007 Sep;14(5):517-28. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17828627</ref> || Не влияет

| +++ || Кортизол || - || Очень высокая <ref name="McMorris" /><ref name="McMorris2" /><ref name="Schilling" /><ref>Sheikholeslami Vatania, H. Farajib, R. Sooric, M. Mogharnasid. The effects of creatine supplementation on performance and hormonal response in amateur swimmers Science & Sports Volume 26, Issue 5, November 2011, Pages 272–277. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0765159711001171</ref> || Не оказывает влияния на изменение кортизола, при лишение сна.

| +++ || Производительность упражнений || - || Очень высокая <ref name="Kuethe" /><ref>Al-Ghimlas F, Todd DC. Creatine supplementation for patients with COPD receiving pulmonary rehabilitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Respirology. 2010 Jul;15(5):785-95. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2010.01770.x. Epub 2010 May 20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20497386</ref> || Не зависит от приема креатина.

| +++ || Производительность при ХОБЛ || - || Очень высокая <ref name="Deacon" /><ref name="Fuld" /><ref>Faager G, Söderlund K, Sköld CM, Rundgren S, Tollbäck A, Jakobsson P. Creatine supplementation and physical training in patients with COPD: a double blind, placebo-controlled study. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2006;1(4):445-53. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18044100</ref> || Не зависит от приема креатина

| +++ || Жировая масса || - || Очень высокая (9 исследований, подробнее: [[креатин при похудении]]) || Не влияет на массу жира.